Sv\u00e1tek Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b (Bohozjeven\u00ed \u010dili k\u0159est P\u00e1na v Jord\u00e1nu) jako zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zjeven\u00ed Svat\u00e9 Trojice v dob\u011b novoz\u00e1konn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1vem k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm a\u00a0 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm v\u016fbec. Sv\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem jej lze za\u0159adit ihned za sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Paschy. Historicky byl dokonce slaven sv\u00e1tek Bohozjeven\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e pozd\u011bji C\u00edrkv\u00ed ustanoven\u00fd sv\u00e1tek Narozen\u00ed, nebo\u0165 ve sv\u00e1tku Bohozjeven\u00ed si C\u00edrkev p\u0159ipom\u00ednala oboj\u00ed, jak narozen\u00ed, tak i zjeven\u00ed Boha v t\u011ble. A\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 4. stolet\u00ed (nejprve na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, a pak i na V\u00fdchod\u011b) p\u0159ibyl ke sv\u00e1tk\u016fm z Dvan\u00e1ctera tak\u00e9 samostatn\u00fd sv\u00e1tek Narozen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n
Na ikon\u011b ke sv\u00e1tku Bohozjeven\u00ed stoj\u00ed Kristus uprost\u0159ed vysok\u00fdch skal, kter\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed skalnatou \u201esout\u011bsku\u201c (\u0159ec. \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd). Vody, kter\u00e9 nejsou posv\u011bceny, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed obraz smrti \u2013 potopu. Symbolismus skal pokra\u010duje po sv\u00e1tku Narozen\u00ed (v betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 jeskyni) tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b P\u00e1nova k\u0159tu a nakonec je uzav\u0159en polo\u017een\u00edm P\u00e1nova t\u011bla do hrobu (op\u011bt symbolika sk\u00e1ly jako smrti, kterou P\u00e1n p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00fdm Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm).<\/p>\n
\u201eAbys zachr\u00e1nil zbloudil\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, neo\u0161klivilo se ti obl\u00e9ci se v podobu slu\u017eebn\u00edka. Bylo toti\u017e pro n\u00e1s nutn\u00e9, abys ty, Vl\u00e1dce a B\u016fh, vzal na sebe na\u0161i p\u0159irozenost. Kdy\u017e jsi byl t\u011blem pok\u0159t\u011bn, u\u010dinil jsi n\u00e1s hodn\u00fdmi p\u0159ijmout odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Proto k tob\u011b vol\u00e1me: Kriste, Bo\u017ee n\u00e1\u0161, sl\u00e1va Tob\u011b!\u201c (z Ve\u010dern\u00ed liturgie sv. Basila Velik\u00e9ho v den sv\u00e1tku Bohozjeven\u00ed).<\/p>\n
Na ikon\u011b P\u00e1nova k\u0159tu vch\u00e1z\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 do vod jako do \u201evlhk\u00e9ho hrobu\u201c. H\u00e1des \u010dili podsv\u011bt\u00ed (jinak t\u00e9\u017e peklo) m\u00e1 tvar tmav\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b. P\u0159i v\u0161ech t\u0159ech kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech ze \u017eivota Spasitele nejprve tento \u201eh\u00e1des\u201c pohltil P\u00e1novo t\u011blo, aby ono mohlo pozd\u011bji zaz\u00e1\u0159it a zv\u00edt\u011bzit nad temnotami smrti a h\u0159\u00edchu a d\u00e1t sv\u011btu radost pramen\u00edc\u00ed v Jeho sl\u00e1v\u011b a Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u201eZjevil ses ve sv\u011bt\u011b ty, jen\u017e si sv\u011bt stvo\u0159il, abys osv\u00edtil ty, co sed\u00ed ve tm\u011b, Lidumile, sl\u00e1va Tob\u011b!\u201c (z Ve\u010dern\u00ed liturgie sv. Basila Velik\u00e9ho v den sv\u00e1tku Bohozjeven\u00ed).<\/p>\n
Sestoupen\u00ed Krista do vod Jord\u00e1nu znamen\u00e1 posv\u011bcen\u00ed vodn\u00edho elementu, jen\u017e je z\u00e1kladem \u017eivota, a sou\u010dasn\u011b i posv\u011bcen\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho stvo\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vinou lidsk\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00edchu \u201ea\u017e dosud\u201c trp\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00edm se od sv\u00e9ho Stvo\u0159itele: \u201eV\u00edme p\u0159ece, \u017ee v\u0161echno stvo\u0159en\u00ed a\u017e dosud spole\u010dn\u011b st\u00e9n\u00e1 a pracuje k porodu.\u201c (\u0158\u00edm 9,11)<\/p>\n
Kristus stoj\u00ed v Jord\u00e1nu nah\u00fd anebo ve sv\u011btl\u00e9m rouchu, op\u00e1san\u00e9ho kolem jeho beder. Je oble\u010den do Adamovy nahoty, a takto jsa od\u011bn zjevuje sv\u011btu toto sv\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 rajsk\u00e9 od\u011bn\u00ed. Pravou rukou p\u0159itom \u017eehn\u00e1 vod\u00e1m a p\u0159ipravuje je, aby se staly vodami k\u0159tu, kter\u00e9 posv\u011bcuje sv\u00fdm pono\u0159en\u00edm (viz etymologie slova \u201ek\u0159est\u201c, kter\u00e1 poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u0159eck\u00e9ho term\u00ednu \u03b2\u1fb0\u03c0\u03c4\u1fd0\u0301\u03b6\u03c9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201epono\u0159it\u201c). Nebylo t\u0159eba, aby se Kristus posv\u011btil, nebo\u0165 byl p\u0159edv\u011b\u010dn\u011b \u010dist\u00fd. P\u0159ijal Jan\u016fv k\u0159est ve sv\u00e9 poko\u0159e a s \u00factou k lidsk\u00e9 tradici. P\u0159i k\u0159tu v Jord\u00e1nu nebyl posv\u011bcen P\u00e1n, n\u00fdbr\u017e byl to On, kdy sv\u00fdm pono\u0159en\u00edm posv\u011btil vody a ve\u0161ker\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u201eToto se stalo v Betaba\u0159e za Jord\u00e1nem, kde Jan k\u0159til. Druh\u00e9ho dne spat\u0159il Jan Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, jak p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k n\u011bmu, a \u0159ekl: Hle, Ber\u00e1nek Bo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00fd sn\u00edm\u00e1 h\u0159\u00edch sv\u011bta!\u201c (Jan 1,28-29)<\/p>\n
Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch ikon\u00e1ch je P\u00e1n zobrazen stoj\u00edc\u00ed ve vod\u011b na kamenn\u00e9 desce, kolem n\u00ed\u017e se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00ed hadi, kte\u0159\u00ed odvracej\u00ed hlavu, aby z tohoto m\u00edsta unikli. Tato sc\u00e9na je inspirov\u00e1na \u017ealmick\u00fdm cit\u00e1tem: \u201eTy silou svou rozd\u011blil jsi mo\u0159e, a pot\u0159els hlavy drak\u016f u vod\u00e1ch.\u201c (\u017dalm 74,13)<\/p>\n
Kolem P\u00e1nova t\u011bla plavou v Jord\u00e1nu tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 ryby. Na jedn\u00e9 z nich, ob\u0159\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f, plave \u017eena a sta\u0159ec. Tato \u017eena symbolizuje mo\u0159e a sta\u0159ec \u0159eku Jord\u00e1n. Tento sta\u0159ec ve sv\u00fdch rukou dr\u017e\u00ed v\u011bdro, z n\u011bj\u017e te\u010de voda. Tyto dv\u011b postavy jsou na ikon\u00e1ch zobrazov\u00e1ny op\u011bt s poukazem na \u017ealmickou analogii: \u201cTo kdy\u017e vid\u011blo mo\u0159e, uteklo, Jord\u00e1n nazp\u011bt se obr\u00e1til.\u201c (\u017dalm 114,3)<\/p>\n
Z tradi\u010dn\u00edch oslav sv\u00e1tku Bohozjeven\u00ed ve Svat\u00e9 zemi vych\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 osobn\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed pravoslavn\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f, z n\u011bj\u017e se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me, \u017ee p\u0159i posv\u011bcen\u00ed vod na \u0159ece Jord\u00e1nu se \u0159eka proud\u00edc\u00ed sm\u011brem k Mrtv\u00e9mu mo\u0159i za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 obracet a n\u00e1hle m\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011br na opa\u010dnou stranu. Svat\u00fd Jan Zlato\u00fast\u00fd vid\u00ed v tomto zp\u011btn\u00e9m chodu \u0159eky hlubokou alegorii s d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi lidsk\u00e9ho pokolen\u00ed. \u0158eka Jord\u00e1n m\u00e1 dva hlavn\u00ed prameny (Jor a Dan; sou\u010dasn\u00e1 geografie hovo\u0159\u00ed o t\u0159ech pramenech pojmenovan\u00fdch jako Hasbani, Banias a Dan). Ze soutoku t\u011bchto \u0159ek vznik\u00e1 Jord\u00e1n, kter\u00fd proud\u00ed do Mrtv\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Lidsk\u00e9 pokolen\u00ed tak\u00e9 poch\u00e1zelo ze dvou p\u0159edk\u016f, Adama a Evy. Po odpadnut\u00ed od Bo\u017e\u00ed l\u00e1sky se lidsk\u00e9 pokolen\u00ed vydalo sm\u011brem k h\u0159\u00edchu a duchovn\u00ed smrti spojen\u00fdmi s Mrtv\u00fdm mo\u0159em. Spasitel Kristus sv\u00fdm Vt\u011blen\u00edm osvobodil lidskou p\u0159irozenost od zotro\u010den\u00ed, tlen\u00ed a smrti, a dokonce i \u0159eka Jord\u00e1n se cht\u011bla vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt (do R\u00e1je), a nepodlehnout tak smrti.<\/p>\n
Kristus, jak je patrno z ikony Bohozjeven\u00ed, osv\u011bcuje cel\u00fd sv\u011bt Sv\u011btlem sv\u00e9ho Bo\u017estv\u00ed, a t\u00edm jej zbavuje moci \u010f\u00e1bla. Z nebe je sly\u0161et hlas Boha Otce, kter\u00fd potvrzuje Kristovo bo\u017estv\u00ed a vyjad\u0159uje svoji p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 k \u201emilovan\u00e9mu Synu\u201c. Duch Svat\u00fd v podob\u011b holubice potvrzuje sv\u011bdectv\u00ed Otce a daruje v\u0161em v\u011brn\u00fdm nepohnuteln\u00fd z\u00e1klad na\u0161\u00ed v\u00edry. Je to pr\u00e1v\u011b Duch Svat\u00fd, kter\u00fd vede Krista k jeho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu p\u016fsoben\u00ed. \u201eP\u0159i k\u0159tu Tv\u00e9m v Jord\u00e1n\u011b, \u00f3 Pane, zjevila se Trojice, kter\u00e9 se klan\u00edme; nebo\u0165 Otc\u016fv hlas sv\u011bdectv\u00ed vydal o tob\u011b, naz\u00fdvaje T\u011b milovan\u00fdm Synem, a Duch v podob\u011b holubice potvrdil pravdu tohoto slova. \u00d3 Krist\u011b, jen\u017e ses zjevil jako B\u016fh a sv\u011bt osv\u00edtil, sl\u00e1va Tob\u011b!\u201c (tropar sv\u00e1tku)<\/p>\n
Podle svat\u00e9ho Jana Dama\u0161sk\u00e9ho lze dal\u0161\u00ed analogii se stvo\u0159en\u00edm sv\u011bta a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed potopou hledat pr\u00e1v\u011b v holubici, kter\u00e1 na n\u011bkter\u00fdch ikon\u00e1ch dr\u017e\u00ed v zob\u00e1\u010dku olivovou ratolest jako znamen\u00ed pokoje. Duch Svat\u00fd se p\u0159i stvo\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta \u201evzn\u00e1\u0161el nad vodami\u201c a p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bl v\u0161e k \u017eivotu. \u201cZem\u011b pak byla nesli\u010dn\u00e1 a pust\u00e1, a tma byla nad propast\u00ed, a Duch Bo\u017e\u00ed vzn\u00e1\u0161el se nad vodami.\u201c (Gen 1,2) Stejn\u011b tak i \u201ednes\u201c se Duch Svat\u00fd vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nad Jord\u00e1nem a p\u016fsob\u00ed obnoven\u00ed sv\u011bta a sou\u010dasn\u011b nov\u00e9, duchovn\u00ed stvo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Na lev\u00e9 stran\u011b ikony je zobrazen sv. Jan K\u0159titel, P\u0159edch\u016fdce P\u00e1n\u011b, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1n\u00ed s \u00factou p\u0159ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Mesi\u00e1\u0161e. Pohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed sm\u011brem k Duchu Svat\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je zobrazen v podob\u011b holubice. Pravou rukou se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 hlavy Krista, zat\u00edmco gestem sv\u00e9 lev\u00e9 ruky p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159\u00edmluvu za cel\u00fd sv\u011bt. Jeho hlava je pokryta rozcuchan\u00fdmi vlasy a pro\u0159\u00eddl\u00fdm vousem. Jeho v\u00fdraz je p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd a v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd. Rouchem je mu velbloud\u00ed srst a ko\u017een\u00fd p\u00e1s okolo beder.<\/p>\n
\u201eV t\u011bch pak dnech p\u0159i\u0161el Jan K\u0159titel, k\u00e1\u017ee na pou\u0161ti v zemi Judsk\u00e9. A \u0159ka: Pok\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di\u0148te, nebo p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eilo se kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9. Toto\u0165 jest zajist\u00e9 ten p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd od Izai\u00e1\u0161e proroka, \u0159kouc\u00edho: Hlas volaj\u00edc\u00edho na pou\u0161ti: P\u0159ipravujte cestu P\u00e1n\u011b, p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u010di\u0148te stezky jeho. Ten pak Jan m\u011bl roucho ze srst\u00ed velbloudov\u00fdch, a p\u00e1s ko\u017een\u00fd okolo beder sv\u00fdch, a pokrm jeho byl kobylky a med lesn\u00ed. Tedy vych\u00e1zel k n\u011bmu Jeruzal\u00e9m a v\u0161ecko Judstvo, i v\u0161ecka okoln\u00ed krajina Jord\u00e1nsk\u00e1. A k\u0159t\u011bni byli od n\u011bho v Jord\u00e1n\u011b, vyzn\u00e1vaj\u00edce h\u0159\u00edchy sv\u00e9.\u201c (Mat 3,1-6)<\/p>\n
\u201eSklonil jsi jako \u010dlov\u011bk hlavu pod ruku P\u0159edch\u016fdce sv\u00e9ho Jana, a rozdrtil t\u00edm hlavy had\u016f. Zjevil ses jako B\u016fh v \u0159ece Jord\u00e1nu, a osv\u00edtil t\u00edm ve\u0161kerenstvo. Aby v\u0161ichni slavili Tebe, Spasiteli, jako Osv\u011btitele du\u0161\u00ed na\u0161ich.\u201c (z Ve\u010dern\u00ed liturgie sv. Basila Velik\u00e9ho v den sv\u00e1tku Bohozjeven\u00ed).<\/p>\n
Na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b ikony se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed and\u011bl\u00e9 se zahalen\u00fdma rukama do sv\u00fdch \u0161at\u016f a nab\u00edzej\u00ed je Kristu, nebo\u0165 jsou p\u0159ipraveni mu bez ust\u00e1n\u00ed slou\u017eit. V tom jsou pro n\u00e1s lidi vzorem hodn\u00fdm k n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eA aj, and\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159istoupili a slou\u017eili jemu.\u201c (Mat 4, 11)<\/p>\n
Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku \u0397 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd a dal\u0161\u00edch pramen\u016f p\u0159ipravil Michal Dvo\u0159\u00e1\u010dek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sv\u00e1tek Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b (Bohozjeven\u00ed \u010dili k\u0159est P\u00e1na v Jord\u00e1nu) jako zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zjeven\u00ed Svat\u00e9 Trojice v dob\u011b novoz\u00e1konn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1vem k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm a\u00a0 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm v\u016fbec. Sv\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem jej lze za\u0159adit ihned za sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Paschy. Historicky byl dokonce slaven sv\u00e1tek Bohozjeven\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e pozd\u011bji C\u00edrkv\u00ed ustanoven\u00fd sv\u00e1tek Narozen\u00ed, nebo\u0165 ve sv\u00e1tku Bohozjeven\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pouceni"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Epiphany.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9GyX2-1o","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86\/revisions\/89"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}