{"id":1770,"date":"2018-05-18T01:34:47","date_gmt":"2018-05-18T00:34:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pravoslavbrno.cz\/?p=1770"},"modified":"2018-05-18T04:23:21","modified_gmt":"2018-05-18T03:23:21","slug":"ucta-projevovana-presv-bohorodici-v-pravoslavne-cirkvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/ucta-projevovana-presv-bohorodici-v-pravoslavne-cirkvi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dacta projevovan\u00e1 P\u0159esv. Bohorodici v Pravoslavn\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi"},"content":{"rendered":"

O P\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodici a teologick\u00fdch v\u00fdchodisc\u00edch \u00facty pravoslavn\u00fdch\u00a0k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f k\u00a0jej\u00ed osob\u011b<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Formou ot\u00e1zek a odpov\u011bd\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00edsto \u00favodu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pojem Theotokos<\/em> (\u0159ecky \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 a rusky \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430, Bogorodica) znamen\u00e1 \u201eTa, kter\u00e1 porodila Boha\u201c \u010dili Bohorodice. Jedn\u00e1 se o titul, kter\u00fd C\u00edrkev ji\u017e ve starov\u011bku p\u0159ipisovala Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b matce, Pann\u011b Marii, a kter\u00fd byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en 3. v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm sn\u011bmem v Efezu roku 431[1]<\/a> jako dogma, tj. ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed a nem\u011bnn\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tento pojem sehr\u00e1l pozd\u011bji, ve 4. a v 5. stolet\u00ed, velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou roli na pozad\u00ed velk\u00fdch teologick\u00fdch spor\u016f, nebo\u0165, stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, vyjad\u0159oval, \u017ee Mariin syn Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 byl \u00fapln\u00fd<\/em> B\u016fh a \u00fapln\u00fd<\/em> \u010dlov\u011bk, \u017ee tedy Jeho dv\u011b p\u0159irozenosti \u2013 bo\u017esk\u00e1 a lidsk\u00e1 \u2013 byly sjednoceny v jedin\u00e9 osob\u011b Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. Proti tomuto pojet\u00ed st\u00e1l Nest\u00f3ri\u016fv pojem Christotokos<\/em> (\u0159ec. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2, tj. \u201eTa, kter\u00e1 porodila Krista\u201c \u010dili Kristorodice), kter\u00fd omezoval Mariinu \u00falohu na matku Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova lidstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Efezsk\u00fd sn\u011bm odsoudil nestori\u00e1nstv\u00ed jako herezi, nebo\u0165 to vlastn\u011b v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo dv\u011b samostatn\u00e9 osoby \u2013 jednu lidskou a jednu Bo\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ty byly podle Ustanoven\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho 4. v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu v\u00a0Chalcedonu \u201eneslit\u011b, nezm\u011bniteln\u011b, nerozd\u00edln\u011b a nerozlu\u010dn\u011b\u201c sjednoceny. Efezsk\u00fd sn\u011bm tak definoval, \u017ee a\u010dkoli byl Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 \u00fapln\u00fd B\u016fh i \u00fapln\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, Jeho bo\u017estv\u00ed a lidstv\u00ed bylo v\u011b\u010dn\u011b spojeno v jedin\u00e9 osob\u011b, a to v osob\u011b Bo\u017e\u00ed v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho Syna coby druh\u00e9 osoby Nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Trojice,\u00a0 a proto Marii p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Bohorodice.<\/p>\n

Toto pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Marie nem\u011blo ale nikdy ozna\u010dovat, \u017ee by byla souv\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00a0Bohem anebo \u017ee by existovala d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e B\u016fh, nebo \u017ee by byla zdrojem Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova bo\u017estv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee c\u00edrkevn\u00ed Otcov\u00e9, vlastn\u011b ji\u017e od dob svat\u00e9ho Athan\u00e1sia Velik\u00e9ho, a dokonce je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve, naz\u00fdvali Pannu Mari\u00ed \u201eBohorodic\u00ed\u201c (\u0159ec. Theotokos). A proto nelze pova\u017eovat tyto snahy za n\u011bjak\u00e9 novoty v\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b C\u00edrkve.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00ed Otcov\u00e9 v\u0161ak nedovolili, aby v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0t\u00edmto u\u010den\u00edm p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy jak\u00e9koli, by\u0165 sebemen\u0161\u00ed, pochybnosti. \u201eKdy\u017e je toto \u201eD\u00edt\u011b\u201c (Kristus) sou\u010dasn\u011b B\u016fh, jak by tedy nemohla b\u00fdt ta, kter\u00e1 ho rod\u00ed, Bohorodic\u00ed?\u201c konstatuje v\u00fdmluvn\u011b Sv. Jan Dama\u0161sk\u00fd. Opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b a pravdiv\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1me Pannu Marii \u201eBohorodic\u00ed\u201c, proto\u017ee t\u00edmto n\u00e1zvem potvrzujeme, \u017ee z n\u00ed Narozen\u00fd (Kristus) byl Boho\u010dlov\u011bk, B\u016fh a \u010dlov\u011bk v jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a nevyj\u00e1d\u0159iteln\u00e9 hypostatick\u00e9 jednot\u011b. \u201eBohorodice jest ta, kter\u00e1 porodila, a z n\u00ed narozen\u00fd je dokonal\u00fd B\u016fh, ale i dokonal\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk.\u201c<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b na tomto starobyl\u00e9m c\u00edrkevn\u00edm, dogmatick\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed o Bohorodici zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 sv\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed tak\u00e9 sv. \u0158eho\u0159 Theolog, kter\u00fd pom\u011brn\u011b nekompromisn\u011b nazna\u010duje: \u201eTen, kter\u00fd nep\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 Pannu Marii jako Bohorodici, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 bez bo\u017estv\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zky a odpov\u011bdi (1-17)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Jak <\/strong>ch\u00e1pete pojem dogma, jak byste ho definoval?<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Definov\u00e1n\u00ed dogmatu:<\/strong>\u0158eck\u00e9 slovo dogma (\u03b4\u03cc\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1) je odvozeno od slovesa \u201edok\u00e9o\u201c (\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c9) \u010dili mysl\u00edm, pova\u017euji za spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, a znamen\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, form\u00e1ln\u00ed a autentick\u00e9 stanovisko. V\u00a0teologick\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed (dogmatu) jsou zahrnuty v\u011brou\u010dn\u00e9 pravdy, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0P\u00edsma svat\u00e9ho a jsou d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjeny v r\u00e1mci c\u00edrkevn\u00ed Tradice pod veden\u00edm Ducha Svat\u00e9ho.V tomto smyslu jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dogmatu \u010dili \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v\u00edry (a)<\/strong> v\u0161echny pravdy, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0P\u00edsma svat\u00e9ho a kter\u00e9 byly d\u00e1le specifikov\u00e1ny v\u00a0r\u00e1mci posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 Tradice C\u00edrkve, a tak\u00e9 b) <\/strong>rozhodnut\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch (ekumenick\u00fdch) sn\u011bm\u016f, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed v\u00edry.<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

    Dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky a odpov\u011bdi<\/strong> jsou kompletn\u011b uvedeny v t\u00e9to studii (viz n\u00ed\u017ee):<\/p>\n

    O P\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodici a teologick\u00fdch v\u00fdchodisc\u00edch \u00facty pravoslavn\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f k jej\u00ed osob\u011b<\/a><\/p>\n

    Pozn\u00e1mky pod \u010darou:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> T\u0159et\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fd sn\u011bm v Efezu se konal v roce 431 po Kr. v m\u00edst\u011b, kde P\u0159esvat\u00e1 Bohorodice \u017eila pod ochranou sv. Jana Theologa, a byl svol\u00e1n c\u00edsa\u0159em Theodosiem II. Bylo zde p\u0159\u00edtomno 200 biskup\u016f, jim\u017e p\u0159edsedal sv. Cyril Alexandrijsk\u00fd. Otcov\u00e9 tohoto sn\u011bmu odsoudili u\u010den\u00ed Nest\u00f3ria, arcibiskupa konstantinopolsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd kladl vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovu lidskou p\u0159irozenost ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Jeho bo\u017estv\u00edm a kter\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee Marie porodila Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e \u010dlov\u011bka, a nikoli Boha. Z\u00e1v\u011brem tento Sn\u011bm prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 je dokonal\u00fd B\u016fh a dokonal\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk s pln\u00fdm spojen\u00edm obou p\u0159irozenost\u00ed a ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uznal pro P\u0159e\u010distou Pannu Marii titul \u201eBohorodice\u201c (Theotokos).<\/p>\n

    MD<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O P\u0159esvat\u00e9 Bohorodici a teologick\u00fdch v\u00fdchodisc\u00edch \u00facty pravoslavn\u00fdch\u00a0k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f k\u00a0jej\u00ed osob\u011b Formou ot\u00e1zek a odpov\u011bd\u00ed \u00a0 M\u00edsto \u00favodu Pojem Theotokos (\u0159ecky \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 a rusky \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430, Bogorodica) znamen\u00e1 \u201eTa, kter\u00e1 porodila Boha\u201c \u010dili Bohorodice. Jedn\u00e1 se o titul, kter\u00fd C\u00edrkev ji\u017e ve starov\u011bku p\u0159ipisovala Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b matce, Pann\u011b Marii, a kter\u00fd byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en 3. v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm sn\u011bmem v Efezu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pravoslavi","category-verouka"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9GyX2-sy","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1770"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1805,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1770\/revisions\/1805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pravoslavnebrno.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}